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arrestsweremadeinbothcountriesinaconcertedeffort.InJune2012,SahbiZalouti,MunirAwad,Omar
Abo​elazmandMo​unirDhah​riwereco​nvic​tedofat​temp​tedter​ro​rism.
Inalltheplots,theindividualsinvolvedhadtiestobroaderconstituentenvironmentsand,asindicated,
severaloftheDanishcasesweredirectlylinkedtoeachother.Inthefollowingsectionapictureofthe
Danishenvironmentisdrawnforthepurposeofinformingthesubsequentdiscussionofthepotential,the
challengesandthepitfallsofastrategyrelyingonpretextualprosecutionsofkeyactorswhofacilitate
ter​ro​rism.
TheMi​li​tantIs​la​mistEnvi​ron​mentinDen​mark
ThemilitantIslamistenvironmentinDenmarkinmanywaysresemblesothercounter-cultural
envi​ron​ments.5Verydifferentindividualswhoaresearchingfordifferentrewards,usingtheenvironment
fordifferentpurposesandengagingindifferentactivitiesinhabitit.Someengageinterrorism
orterrorism-relatedactivities,someinotherillegalactivitiesandsomeengageonlyinsocialactivities
orsimplyhangaround.Asharedworldview,asharedcultureandverystrongsocialbondstiethe
envi​ron​mentto​ge​ther.
TheperceptionthatMuslimsarethevictimsofinjusticesandoppressioninaglobalaswellasaDanish
contextconstitutesthebackboneintheworldviewoftheenvironment.Warsandviolentconflictsacross
theworldarelinkedwithconflictsandchallengesinDenmark,topaintanoverallpictureofageneral
adversarialrelationshipbetweenMuslimsandnon-Muslims,whereMuslimsareseentobesuperior
toothersbutcur​ren​tlyvic​ti​mi​sed.
Thisisconstruedastheresultofaworldordercurrentlydominatedbycapitalism,multiculturalismand
man-maderulesandsystems,suchasdemocracy,wheredecadenceanddoublestandardsareseen
toprevail.Thecritiqueisalsoaimedatwhatisseenasamoralbehaviour,includingsexualpromiscuity,
homosexuality,thedissolutionoftraditionalfamilystructuresandacultureofhedonism.
Asanalternativetothis,theIslamicstate—ortheCaliphate—isseenastheultimatejustandgood
so​cie​ty.6
Inorderwords,whatspurstheenvironmentisaharshcritiqueoftheexistingworldorderandawishfor
re​vo​lu​tio​na​rychan​ges.
InadditiontoseeingtheWorldEstablishmentasanenemy,theenvironmentdefinesbothnon-Muslims
andMuslimswhodonotrejectmulticulturalismanddemocracyasadversaries.Generallytheworld
isdividedinto
us
versus
them
,somethingthatisstronglyemphasisedinspeechesandwritten
publications.Butinothercontextsthanthecarefullypreparedspeechesandwrittenmaterials,the
worldviewismorevaried.Opinionsdiffer,forexample,whenitcomestodefininglong-termgoalsand
howtoattainthem.Inpractice,theideologiesaswellastheenemyimagesareconstantlysubject
todebateandthereforeanythingbutstatic.Bothareconstantlybeingdiscussedanddeveloped,just
astheymayun​der​gochan​gesincon​nec​tionwithcon​cre​teevents.7
Inadditiontothesesimpleandeasilyunderstandablenarratives,theenvironmentoffersverystrong
socialbonds.Theinhabitantsoftheenvironmenthavetheirownrulesandritualsaswellasadistinct
language,mannersanddresscodes,makingitpossibleforthemtorecogniseeachotheranddistance
themselvesfromthesurroundingsocietyandsimultaneouslystrengthentheirsenseofbelonging.The
inhabitantswillgotogreatlengthsforeachother.Theysharevirtuallyeverythingandexhibitagreatdeal
ofaffectionbycollectingmoneyorclothing,providinghousing,transportationandcare,givingeachother
mas​sa​ges,pre​pa​ringme​alsforeachotherandof​fe​ringemo​tio​nalsup​portindif​fi​cultti​mes.
Intheenvironment,daringtospeakupagainstthoseinpowerandpayingapricefordoing
soisasourceofcredibilityandauthority.Individualsandgroupswhohaveputsomethingonthelineare
seenashavingproventheirworth,andasaconsequencesuchindividualsandgroupsareattributed
credibility—whatevertheysayordowillasapointofdepartureberegardedasworthlisteningto.The
moretheyareagainsttheauthorities,themoretheyhaveputonthelineandthemoretheyhavebeen
pu​ni​shed,themorecre​di​bleandwor​thytheyare.
Thiswayofattributingcredibilityandauthoritymeansthatindividualswhotakeactionand
asaconsequencefindthemselvesinconflictwiththeauthoritiesareautomaticallyattributedcredibility
andsta​tus.Ifnotbe​cau​seothersad​mi​re
what
theydothenatle​astbe​cau​setheyad​mi​re
that
theydoit.8
Be​ingpartoftheenvi​ron​mentalsograntsthein​ha​bi​tantsac​cesstoaniden​ti​tyasoneofthe
chosenfew
whounderstandthestateofaffairsandwhatneedstobedone.Thisself-imageoriginatesfrom
anarrativeabouttheEndofDaysinwhichanareacalled
Kho​ra​san
istobethesceneofabattle
symbolisingthebeginningoftheend.Inthisarea,asmallgroupofmenwithlonghairandlongbeards,
wearingwhiteclothesandcarryingbannerswiththeIslamiccreedwilldefeatanoverwhelmingforeign
occupation.ThisareacoverswhatistodayknownasAfghanistan,andintheenvironmenttheTaliban’s
resistancetothepresenceofNATOandISAFtroopsisperceivedtobepartofthissymbolicbattle.Inthe
narrative,thebattlewillbeasignthatthefinalclashbetweengoodandevilhasbegunandthatall
humanbeingswillhavetotakesides.Partofthenarrativeisthatonlyasmallminoritywillunderstand
thisandjointhebattlebyengaginginviolentactivitiesandthatthesearethechosenfewwhoarenot
onlydestinedforgreatnessandensuredaplaceinParadisebutalsoendowedwiththeabilitytosee
everythingelseclearly,too.9Becomingpartoftheenvironmentisinitselfseenasproofofbeingamong
thecho​senfewandiscon​se​qu​en​tlyagre​atso​ur​ceofself-con​fi​den​ce.