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1020Teachereducation
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aremarginalised.Inthetechnologicalorientation,typicaltechniquesusedin
teachereducationincludemicroteaching,whichisapplicabletostereotypical
andpredictablesituations.However,thisorientationdoesnotinspireactivities
aimedatbroadlyunderstoodcognition(Kwiatkowska,2008,pp.51-52).
Humanisticorientation,whichisbasedonhumanisticpsychology,ischar-
acterisedbyafocuson:
-asender-message-receiverrelationshipandcommunicationbasedonau-
thenticity;
-humandimension,withtakingintoaccountagivenperson’srelationship
withotherpeople;
-supportinfindingone’strueself,whichformsthebasisforself-realisation
andharmoniousdevelopment;
-thesubjectivenatureofcognition(Kwiatkowska,1988,p.32);
-ahumanbeingasauniquewholeinwhichsubsystemscanbedistinguished:
uself”anduorganism”(Kozielecki,1980,p.258);
-developmentasanaturalhumancharacteristic,aprocessofbecominghu-
maninspiredbytheinnerstrengthofindividual;
-strivingforself-developmentanddevelopingadesiretodiscoverandfulfil
oneself(Kwiatkowska,1988,pp.31-33).
TehumanisticorientationreferstoCarlR.Rogers’theoryofpersonality
andconceptofeducation,whichassumethatthemostimportanttendencyof
anorganismisstrivingforself-actualisationandself-development.Although
thescholardidnotdevelopaconceptofteachereducation,heindicatedthe
requirementsthatitshouldmeet.Hestressedtheimportanceofconditions
conducivetoteachereducation,anatmosphereofresponsiblefreedom,thefor-
mationofskillsinusingvariousmethodsofdidacticandeducationalwork,and
extensiveknowledgeinagivenfield(Szempruch,2013,p.52).Inthehuman-
isticconceptofeducation,thenotionofagoodteacherisinextricablylinked
withauniquepersonality.Ateacher’ssubjectivityistakenasthebasisforhis/
herprofessionalsuccessexpressedbyinterpersonalcommunication.Teacher
educationisaprocessofgettingtoknowone’sownindividuality,uniqueness,
personality.Itisusearchingforthewaytooneselfandfindingoneself”(Kwiat-
kowska,2008,p.54).Tisprocessisaccompaniedbythecreationofapositive
self-imageasateacherandreliableknowledgeunderstoodasastructureoffacts
thatmatter.Atthesametime,intheprocessofbecomingagoodteacher,an
importantelementispedagogicalandmethodicaltraining.Henceinhuman-
isticapproach,greatimportanceisattachedtotheacquisitionoftheabilityto
transmitknowledgeandtoundertakepracticalactivities,throughwhichstu-
dentsdiscoverindividualsignificanceoftheoreticalknowledge.However,the
conceptdidnotsolvetheissueofstudents’understandingoftheimportance
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