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INTRODUCTION
Samplesurveysprovideoneofthemostchallengingfieldsforapplying
thestatisticalmethodology.Theyconfronttheresearcherwithavastdiversityof
uniquepracticalproblemsencounteredinthecourseofstudyingpopulations.
Theyinclude,butarenotlimitedto:non-samplingerrors,specificpopulation
structures,contaminateddistributionsofstudyvariables,non-satisfactorysample
sizes,incorporationoftheauxiliaryinformationavailableonmanylevels,
simultaneousestimationofcharacteristicsinvarioussubpopulations,integration
ofdatafrommanywavesorphasesofthesurveyandincompletelyspecified
samplingprocedures.Omnipresentconstraintsontimeandcostadditionally
complicatetheprocessofdesigningasurvey.Dealingwithsuchconditions
bringsabouttheneedforformulatingsophisticatedstatisticalprocedures
dedicatedtospecificconditionsofasamplesurvey.Itgivesbirthtowidevariety
ofapproaches,methodologiesandproceduresborrowingthestrengthfrom
virtuallyallbranchesofstatistics.
Thismonographwaspreparedonthebasisofthepapersthatwere
presentedduringtheseventhconference"SurveySamplinginEconomicand
SocialResearch”thattookplaceon18-20September2011inKatowice,Poland.
Thechaptersareextendedandimprovedversionsoftheconferencepapers.
Theirauthorsdealwithvarioustheoreticalandpracticalissues.Thecommon
motiveofallpapersistheirrelationtosamplesurveys.
ThepaperofCzesławDomańskiisdevotedtothefirstthreemostvaluable
achievementsofPolishstatisticiansandtheirinfluenceonthedevelopmentof
internationalstatistics.Firstly,theAuthordiscussestheroleofTadeuszPilat
(1844-1923)professorofstatisticsandadministrationattheLvovUniversity
asaco-founderoftheInternationalStatisticalInstitute.Secondly,theideaof
thefirstPolishcensusconductedin1789ispresented,whichwasdevisedand
executedbyamemberofParliamentFryderykJózefearlMoszyński(1737-
-1817).Thirdly,theestablishmentofthefirstPolishChairofStatisticsinthe
WarsawSchoolofLawandAdministrationisdiscussed,whichwasheadedby
WawrzyniecSurowiecki(1769-1827)–professorofstatisticsandeconomics.
WojciechGamrotconcentratesonthePool-Adjacent-Violatorsalgorithm
sometimesabbreviatedasPAVA.Theoriginalalgorithmisformulatedunderthe
assumptionofindependencebetweenrandomvariableswhoseexpectationsare
tobeestimated.Severalmodificationsofthisprocedureweredevelopedinthe
literaturebutunderindependence.Hence,inthispaperasimulationstudyis
carriedouttoassesspropertiesofPAVA-basedorderedprobabilityestimates
undercorrelation.
