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SPATIALDISPARITIESINTHELEVELOFHUMANCAPITAL…
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Index(Waśniewska,2007;Mossakowska,2008;Merłoetal.,2015),whichrelies
onthemeasurementoffourvariables:
–professionalactivityrate:theshareoftheworkingpopulationcomparedtothe
totalpopulationover15yearsold;thisrateassessesthedegreeofemployed
humancapital(itisassumedthatprofessionallypassiveandunemployedpeo-
pledonotusetheirskillsonthelabourmarket);
–employmentrate:theshareoftheworkingpopulationcomparedtothetotal
populationover15yearsold;therateisusedtoassessthemobilisationofthe
labourforce;
–entrepreneurialactivityrate:thenumberofnon-financialenterprisesperinhab-
itantover15yearsofage,engagedinprofessionalactivityinaregion(itisas-
sumedthatahigherlevelofentrepreneurialactivityresultsinalargernumber
ofregisteredentities);
–educationlevel:thepercentageoftheworkingpopulationwithhighereduca-
tion;itisassumedthatthequalityofhumancapitalimprovesalongwiththe
increaseofthelevelofeducationalattainmentofindividuals.
Theaggregateindexcomprisingthefourabove-mentionedvariablesiscalcu-
latedaccordingtotheformulaasfollows(1)(Nowak,1996):
H
j
=
1/4
∑
i
4
=
1
H
ij
(1)
where:
j-indexofagivenNUTS2region(valuesfrom1to276),
i-numberofapartialindexusedtocalculatetheHumanCapitalResources
Index(valuesfrom1to4).
ToensurecomparabilityofvariablesusedtobuildtheHumanCapitalResources
Index,thez-scoreisstandardisedbyusingtheaverageandstandarddeviationby
theweightedaveragenumberofthepopulationinagivenregion,whichallows
bringingthedatatoonescale(Knokeetal.2002)(2).
x
std
=
xx
σ
−
w
w
(2)
where:
x¯
w-weightedarithmeticmean,
σ
w-weightedstandarddeviation.
ThecalculatedvaluesoftheHumanCapitalResourcesIndexforparticular
EUregionswerecomparedtothevaluesoftheRegionalCompetitivenessIndex
(RCI),whosemainassumptionsandmethodologyofcalculationarebasedonthe
GlobalCompetitivenessIndex(GCI)developedbytheWorldEconomicForum
(AnnoniandDijkstra,2013;AnnoniandKozovska,2010).ToassesstheRCI,
regionalcompetitivenesswasdefinedastheabilitytoensureanattractiveand
stableworkingandlivingenvironmentforcompaniesandthepopulation.The
analysisofdeterminantswasperformedinthreeareasdeterminedas(Annoniand
Dijkstra,2013;AnnoniandKozovska,2010;Dijkstraetal.,2011):
–thegroupofbasicfactors;
–thegroupofefciencyenhancers;
