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Chapter1Teachersasaprofessionalgroup
basistocontributetomorehumanistic,andatthesametime,easiertocontrol
classroomsituations.
Inasimilarvein,usingthecriterionofteacherconcerns,thestagesofteacher
developmenthavebeendescribedbyKatz(1979)assurvival,consolidation,
renewal,maturityandbyBurden(1980)assurvival,adjustment,mature.Other
theorieslookatthewayteachersapproachtheirdevelopmentfromtheinitial
inductiontotheirin-serviceexperiencesandwhatneedsandintereststhey
exhibit(forexample,Fessler&Christensen,1992).Tisdevelopmentand
perceptionofitsphasesaredirectlylinkedwiththecareerstagesofagiven
teacher(Table1.2).
Table1.2Stagesofateachercareer(basedonFessler&Christensen,1992)
Pre-service
Induction
Competencybuilding
Enthusiasticandgrowing
Careerfrustration
Careerstability
Careerwind-down
Careerexit
Stageinteacher’scareer
•trainingtobecomeateacher(avarietyofpaths)
•re-training(inthecaseofachangeofjoborsubjecttaught)
•theinitialperiodofteachinginagivenschooladaptingtoits
•movingontoadińerentschoolageorlevelofteaching
•professionaldevelopmentthroughpersonalinvestmentin
•establishingone)sownmethodsandtechniquesofteaching
•beingskilledandcompetentbutmotivatedtodevelopfurther
•thestageofteacherburnout:lackofenthusiasm
•lackofjobsatisfactionanddisillusionment
•thefeelingofplateau
•routineinteaching,nodevelopmentandstagnation
•readytoretire
•reflectingonthepreviousstagesofhis/herteachingcareer
•retirementonthegroundsofage
•changeofaprofession/job
normsandregulations
developingone)sskills
Description
Anotherperspectiveonteacherdevelopmentisdescribedintheworkof
Berliner(1994),whoassumesthecentralityofteachers)thinkingabouttheir
job,conceptualisedbythetypeofcognitiveprocessesinvolvedindińerent
phasesofteacherdevelopment,whichisseenasdevelopmentofteaching
expertise.Berlinerseesteacherexpertisedevelopmentasafive-stageprocess
(Table1.3).
Aswasdiscussedabove,consecutivestagesofateacher)scareeraremarked
byfairlyclear-cutconcernsandthemes,butitalsoneedstobeacknowledged
thatattitudeandmotivationtowardsthejobconstituteasignificantfactorin
thedevelopmentalprocessofteachers)growth.Tisaspectisdiscussednext.
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