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„PRZEGLĄDHUMANISTYCZNY”,4/2022
ISSN:0033-2194,e-ISSN2657-599X
Copyright@byRaymondDetrez,2022
Licencjaniewyłączna/
CreativeCommonsUznanieAutorstwa(CC-BY)3.0Polska
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/
https://doi.org/10.31338/2657-599X.ph.2022-4.1
TheEarlyRelationsbetweentheOttomanStateandtheOrthodoxChurch:
AnInstanceofIstimâlet
RaymondDetrez
GhentUniversity,Belgium
e-mail:Raymond.Detrez@Ugent.be
ORCID:0000-0002-8055-9829
Abstract
ShortlyafterthecaptureofConstantinoplein1453,SultanMehmedIImadeGennadios
Scholariosthenewecumenicalpatriarch,definingatthesametimetherightsandpriv-
ilegesoftheOrthodoxChurchunderOttomanrule.Wheninthe1530s,someMuslim
leadersdemandedthatthecity’sremainingchurchesbeclosed,SultanSüleymanthe
Magnificentrefusedonthebasisof(atravestyof)alegalinquiry.Aclosereadingof
GreekandOttomansourcesshedslightontheaccommodatingpolicy,calledistimâlet,
whichtheOttomanstatepursuedtowardtheOrthodoxChurch.
Keywords
OttomanEmpire,EcumenicalPatriarchate,GennadiosScholarios,JeremiasI,istimâlet
WinningovertheChristians
ThesiegeandfallofConstantinoplehavebeendescribedbyfourcontemporary
Greekhistorians:Doukas(c.1400-after1462),GeorgeSphrantzes(1401-c.1478),
MichaelCritobulus(c.1410-c.1470),andLaonikosChalkokondyles(c.1430-
c.1470).1Curiouslyenough,giventheimportanceoftheevent,onlyCritobulus,
1SincethereisnoestablishedwayoftranscribingGreeknames,especiallythosefromtheByzan-
tineperiod,whichareoftenLatinized,Ihaveresortedtothetranscriptionusedbythetranslatorsand
researchersofthesesources,awareoftheinconsistencies.
