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1121THEESSENCEOFMARKETINGCOMMUNICATIONADEFINITIONALAPPROACH
(company)
Sender
Environment
Environment
Environment
Transmission/collection
channelofinformation
Message
Environment
Environment
Environment
(end/institutional
Recipient
buyer)
Figure2.Diagramofthemarketingcommunicationprocessintheeraofdevelopmentofnew
technologies
Source:ownstudybasedon(Wiktor2013;Taranko2015).
communication(mixpromotiontools,e.g.advertising,PR,directsales,salespromotion)
andinformal(e.g.brandimage,companyemployees’behavior,salesconditions,after-sales
activities,reputation,informationpassedonbystakeholdersdirectly-word-of-mouth
(WOM)orwiththehelpofonlinetools-electronicword-of-mouth(eWOM)andmany
others)(Marcinkiewicz2011).
Theconceptofintegratedmarketingcommunication(IMC)begantobeaccented
inliteratureintheearly1990s(Schultz,Tannenbaum,Lauterborn1993),whereitwas
emphasizedthatthisisanaturalchangeintraditionaladvertisinginthemassmediaas
aresultoftechnologicalchanges(Schultz1999,p.337).Previously,IMCwasconsidered
asasystemprocessbasedontheintegrationofvariouscommunicationsolutionstoin-
creasetheefficiencyofthecompany.Inthisapproach,integrationconcernsintroduction
ofhorizontalcoordinationmechanismsinthecompanyandcombinationofallcommuni-
cationfunctionswithinoneorganizationalunit(Schultz,Tannenbaum,Lauterborn1993;
Gabrielli,Balboni2010).
AccordingtoDuncanandEverett(1993),IMCfocusesonthecoordinationofall
messagesandmediabroadcastsbythecompanyinordertoinfluencetheperceptionof
thebrand’svalue.InsubsequentworksontheIMC,theimportanceofbuildingclose
relationshipswithcustomerswasemphasizedinordertogeneratetangibleresultsand
profits.Fromastrategicperspective,IMCisseenasacustomer-centricmanagement
process(Kitchen,Bringell,Li,Kim,Jones2004;Winter,Sundqvist2009).
IMCisaprocessthatintegratesandadjustsstrategicandtacticaldecisionsinthecom-
panyaspartofmarketingcommunication(Schultz,Schultz1998).Thefirstconceptual
frameworkofIMCwasdevelopedtosupportentrepreneurssothattheycouldachieve
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