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Learninginpreferencetoeducation
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PeterJarvis(2006:13–17),aprominentresearcherandexpertonlearn-
ing,arguesthatitoccursthroughstimulationofhumansensesbytheirexternal
environment,bothnaturalandphysical,socialandcultural.Thiscontributesto
theintegrationoftheindividualwiththeworld.Overthecenturies,adińerent
understandingoflearninghasappearedthatgenerallyftstwoperspectives:the
psychologicalandpedagogical.
Fromthepsychologicalperspective,learningistheemergenceofarelatively
permanentchangeinthebehaviourofindividuals(behaviourism),orassimilation
ofmessagesindicatingtheprocessandadaptivenatureoflearning(thecogni-
tiveapproach).Fromapsychologicalpointofview,eveniflearningoccursin
relationtoone’ssurroundings,andsohasthecharacterofaninternalmental
processinthemindoftheindividuallearner,itstillresultsinbehaviouralchanges
oracquisitionofnewknowledge,skillsandhabits.Thepedagogicalperspective
pointstothemorehumanistnatureoflearninganditsrelationshipwithschool.In
thisperspective,learningisassociatedwithaspecifctypeofattitudetoknowl-
edgeandtolife,whichrequirespersonalcommitmentandinitiative.Pedagogical
learningisthemorepowerfulfgureincomparisontoitsoriginal,psychologi-
calcounterpart.Itisfrequentlyplannedwiththeintentionofachievingaparticular
purpose,forexample,solvingcontemporaryeducationalissuessuchas
behaviouralproblems,lackofmotivationforlearning,alackofdesireforself-
-improvement,preventionofaddictionsandearlyschool-leaving.Thiskindof
learningisaccompaniedbytheuseofvarioussymbolicsystems,includinglan-
guage,conceptsandtheories.
Learningisnottheonlyactivityundertakendeliberatelytoassimilateknowl-
edgeoracquireskills.Accordingtotheworld’sleadingeducationalresearchers,
learningisamechanismofgeneralhumandevelopment,akindofcontinuous
responsetoeventsinordertoachieveasenseofcontroloverlife(Biestaet
al.2010:6).Today,therearemanyepithets,defnitionsandconceptsoflearn-
ing.Intheintentionofitscreators,eachnewtheoryorconceptoflearningis
designedtoovercomethelimitationsoftheprevioustheories.TwoBritishlearn-
ingresearchersSarah-JayneBlakemoreandUtaFrithpostulatethatthe
multiplicityoftheconceptoflearningandgreatinterestintheresearchonit,
shouldleadtotheestablishmentofanewinterdisciplinarysciencededicated
tolearning,drawingontheachievementsofneurophysiology,psychologyand
pedagogy.Intheirview,itmustalsotakeintoaccountthefactthatlearninglasts
alifetime(Blakemore,Frith2008:190).
Thefrststeptowardssolvingourresearchquestionsistopresentthe
currentunderstandingofintergenerationallearning,asitwasappliedin
theICTGuidesproject.Thehumanbeingisthusanindividualfulfllingthem-
selvesthroughtheacquisitionofknowledge.Incontemporarycultureand
society[alearningrenaissance’isclearlyvisible.Thisappliestothelearning
ofyouths,adultsandseniors,aswellastoformalandinformallearning.Itis
aprocessaimedatmakingahugequalitativechangeineducationforcer-
tainpeopleandinstitutions(e.g.schools),andforsomeitwillbedifcult,but