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detailsofthejob,andsupervisesproductiontogetherwiththeworkersandin
closerelationwiththem.Thereasonsforthisarethesmallamountofcapital
involvedandthefactthattheindividualinquestionislimitedtoasinglefieldof
activity;thushebelievesthattoexpandhisbusinesshisonlyoptionistoraise
thequantityandqualityoftheexistingproductionprocesstohigherlevels.Only
byproducing“better”or“more”canthesmallbusinessmanbecomeasuccessful
entrepreneur.Heknowsnootherorbetterwaytodothis.
RlzaGüralisagoodexampleoftheprofileofthebusinessmanatthestart
ofhiscareerasdescribedabove.InhismemoirsGüral,recentlyemployingthree
thousandworkers,beganhisworkinglifewiththeadvantageofbeingamachin-
istwhowaslaterabletotakepartinthefoundingoffactoriesofthe1960sand
1970s,talkingtoforemenandmastersandseekingtolearnthemajorissuesin-
volved[Akar,2011,p.43].AccordinglyGüral,withthehelpofhispriorwork
experienceandbeingactiveinoperationsatparticularpointsintime,became
suchanexpertthathewasabletoinstructworkersto,forexample,“pullthis
shaftoutofthemachineandmakeanewone”[Akar,2011,pp.83-84].Theexperi-
enceofGüralresembledthatofmanyothersthatbecameactiveinthefirstyears
oftheindustrializationofthe“late-comers”.
Forbusinessmentobeintimatelyfamiliarwithproductionprocessesandto
insistonmanagingthempersonallywasdoubtlessduetoamentalityofthepe-
riodthatprioritizedtasksinaparticularway.Inthefoundationalstagetheim-
portantthingfortheentrepreneuristoputallroutineproductiveactivityintoan
effectiveandprofitablesystem.Thisiswhyentrepreneursofthisperiodspent
personalenergyinwastheproductiveprocessitself.
TheotherbusinessmantypeoftheRepublic’searlyyearswerethoseoflar-
gercapitalistandmerchantorigins.Yetonecannotsaythatitwastechnicalex-
pertisealonethatmadethemerchant-originbusinessmandifferentfromthe
smallerplayer.Rather,whatoneobservesisthatfromthestart,thelargerplayer
devotedmostofhistimetopurchasingandmarketingactivities.Yetthecur-
rencyshortagesandimportsubstitutionpoliciesstartinginthemid1950s
promptedlargecapitalists,iflaterthansmallones,toturntheirattentiontopro-
ductionaswell.Observingthatimportdutypolicieshadbeguntomakedomestic
productionofformerlyimportedproductsprofitable,businessmenbegantoor-
ganizeproductionthemselves.
ThereweresomebigbusinessmenlikeAliMansurwhoorganizedthepro-
ductionbythemselves[İstanbulSanayiOdasl,2008,p.140];andsomeother
mediaticbosseslikeVehbiKoç,AslmKocablylk,andKamilYazlclwhoknew
almostnothingaboutproductionprocesses.Still,thislargebossesstressesin
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