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MariaKonopnicka(1842–1910)–aPolishpoet,nove-
list,children’sstorywriter,publicistandtranslator0Above
allsheisawriterfromtheepochofpositivism0Shedebuted
asapoet0Shealsowrotepoemsandfairy-talesforchild-
ren0Oneofthebestknown,isthefairy-talecalled:Okra-
snoludkachisierotceMarysi(AboutorphanMaryandthe
dwarfs)0SheistheauthorofthefamousRota(Troops),
apoemthatexpressesprotestagainstGermanizedpoli-
tics,whicharecarriedoutonPolishlandsthatareunder
Prussianoccupation0ThankstothemusicofF0Nowowiej-
ski,RotabecameoneofthemostpopularPolishpatriotic
songs0FromthesecondhalfoftheeightiesofXIXcentury,
hernovelsdealingwithcontemporaryproblemsbeginto
occupyanimportantplaceinhercompositions0Thestories
ofMendelGdański(ahistoryofanoldJew,whoisboundto
hisnativeWarsaw,andexperienceshatredandcontempt
inhisbelovedcity,whichmakeshimquestionhisbelong-
ingtothisplace),Naszaszkapa(OurJade),Miłosierdzie
gminy(Thecommunity’scharity)–areshockingstories
ofaheartlesstreatmentoftheoldandinfirm,whocannot
countontheunselfishhelpofafamilyorcommunityin
whichtheylive–belongtohermostfamousnovels0
