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determinesthenecessityoftheconstitutionfulfillingtherole
ofbasiclaw.Consequently,itmustbeanact,whichisdistin-
guishedfromallnormativeactsandaboveallfromstatutes
byfourcharacteristics-threeformal(aspecificname,specific
modesofenactmentandamendment,andspecificlegalforce)
andonematerial(specificcontent).StefanRozmarynpointsout
thatifanyofthesecharacteristicsarelacking,theactcannotbe
recognizedasoneofbasiclaw(Rozmaryn,1961,pp.8-9).With-
outanalyzingindetailtheindividualelementsoftheConstitu-
tion,itisworthdiscussingherafewpointsaboutthem.Thespe-
cificnameisassociatedwithgivingtheactaseparatenamethat
difiersfromthenamesofothernormativeacts.Inthepresent
Polishlegalsystem,thisisHconstitution,”butitcanassumeother
namessuchasHbasiclaw”orHgovernmentallaw,”asthefirstPol-
ishConstitutionwascalled.Thespecificmodeofamendment
islinkedwithintroducingchangestotheconstitutionthatare
separatefromlegislativeprocedure,whichshouldbecharacter-
izedbytheestablishmentofahigherthresholdofthemajority
requiredformakingamendments.Thispreordainsthenecessity
ofarigidconstitution,whichguaranteestherelativestability
ofthestatepoliticalsystem.ThecurrentPolishConstitutionre-
quiressupportofatleastatwo-thirdsmajorityintheSejminthe
presenceofatleasthalfoftherepresentatives,whileanabsolute
majorityisrequiredintheSenateinthepresenceofatleasthalf
ofthesenators.Lastly,specificlegalforceplacestheconstitution
atthesummitofthelegalsystem.IntheRepublicofPolandthis
issetforthinthetextofarticle8paragraph1oftheConstitution,
whichstates,HTheConstitutionisthesupremelawoftheRepub-
licofPoland.”Consequently,allotheractsmustbeconsistent
withit,whichiswhattheConstitutionalTribunalexaminesand
simultaneouslyinstructsthepublicauthoritiestoimplement
thenormscontainedintheConstitution.Thespecificcontentof
theconstitutionisaseparateissue.Itshouldregulatethefoun-
dationsofthestatesystem.Byvirtueofthematerialitregulates,
thePolishbasiclawisafullconstitution,asitregulates,inefiect,
allareasencompassedbythenotionofastatesystem.Itisat
onceadetailedconstitutionsinceitsregulationsarerelatively
18
CONSTITUTIONALLAW
